What does preponderance of evidence refer to?

Preponderance of evidence is defined as the standard of proof generally required in civil cases, which means that a party must show that their claim is more likely true than not true. This standard requires that the evidence be more convincing or have greater weight than the evidence against it.

In the context of the options provided, preponderance of evidence does apply to civil cases and is often referenced in administrative hearings, where decisions are made based on the evidence presented by both parties. An administrative body, such as a licensing authority, may use this standard to determine if a party has met their burden of proof.

This standard is not typically used in criminal cases, where a higher standard known as "beyond a reasonable doubt" applies. It is also distinct from disciplinary actions, which may have their own standards of proof depending on the governing rules. Therefore, the reference to administrative hearings aligns with the understanding of preponderance of evidence as a standard of proof used in those specific scenarios.