How can Hepatitis B be transmitted to a child?

Hepatitis B can be transmitted to a child primarily at or after birth. This occurs when an infected mother gives birth, as the virus can be passed to the child during the birthing process through contact with blood or other bodily fluids. It's important to note that vertical transmission (from mother to child) is a significant pathway for the spread of Hepatitis B, making it crucial for pregnant women to be screened for the virus.

Other transmission methods, such as sharing utensils or contaminated surfaces, do not effectively transmit the virus, since Hepatitis B is not spread through casual contact or environmental surfaces. Likewise, it is not transmitted through air droplets, which are typical of respiratory illnesses, as Hepatitis B is primarily spread through blood and bodily fluids rather than through airborne means.